Ethics of War (from JewishPartisans.org)
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Ethics of War (from JewishPartisans.org)

Categories Holocaust 
grades:  Middle School (6-8) 

Lesson Summary:

This lesson comes from www.JewishPartisans.org

Help your students look honestly at concepts of resistance, revenge and ethics with critical thinking questions and an engaging short play (no rehearsal needed). Great for classrooms, youth groups and informal education. (For grades 8-12)

The ethics of war are confusing. In times of war, people find themselves in ethical dilemmas they otherwise wouldn’t experience. Jewish Partisans were no different. They made difficult decisions daily about the best ways to protect their lives and the lives of others, and often had to base those decisions on uncertain information. While the ethical imperative to save life is clear, the question of how to choose the best course of action may not be.
At the heart of this lesson is a short play, A Conversation in the Woods, which gives teens an opportunity to look at these issues through the lens of the Jewish partisans and the kinds of ethical dilemmas that many were forced to face during the war. The play–based on an actual conversation and moment in the life of eight Jewish partisans, including Abba Kovner and Shalom Yoran–is as relevant today as it was 70 years ago. Along with the play we present Jewish ethical texts to assist in the exploration of these ethical dilemmas.


Enduring Understandings:

  • Young people can make a difference 
  • Stand up to tyranny, oppression, and discrimination…early 
  • Never give up 


Objectives

  • Explore the concept of ethics and how to apply them in extraordinary situations and to our daily lives 
  • Study historical texts on the ethics of war, survival, and the importance of saving a life 
  • Discuss the ethical dilemma presented by the play and the kinds of choices that these and other Jewish partisans were forced to make 
Additional objective for Religious Educators:
  • Explore Jewish values and texts about war, survival, and the value of life

Be Inspired:The ideas included are offered as starting points as you and your students explore, discover and live the lessons. Be sure to elicit and encourage student and parent participation, consistently reinforcing the value being addressed. Allow lessons to authentically develop and change based on engagement and interests.


Lesson Plan Components

For the educatorJewish Thought, Text, and Traditionsmore

The Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation develops and distributes effective educational materials about the Jewish partisans, bringing the celebration of heroic resistance against tyranny into educational and cultural organizations. From their resources:

Who Are the Jewish Partisans?
par·ti·san noun: a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla

During World War II, the majority of European Jews were deceived by a monstrous and meticulous disinformation campaign. The Germans and their collaborators detained millions of Jews and forced them into camps, primarily by convincing them that they were going there to work. In reality, most Jews who entered these so-called “work camps” would be starved, murdered or worked to death. Yet approximately 30,000 Jews, many of whom were teenagers, escaped the Nazis to form or join organized resistance groups. These Jews are known as the Jewish partisans, and they joined hundreds of thousands of non-Jewish partisans who fought against the enemy throughout much of Europe.

Why Should We Learn About the Jewish Partisans?
Most students falsely believe that Jews went “like sheep to the slaughter”. They perceive the Holocaust as a piece of Jewish history only about victimization and the loss of hope. The experience of thousands of Jewish partisans who stood up to tyranny and oppression, fought courageously—and often successfully—against the Germans, and saved countless lives is an important part of Jewish history that few students are aware of. This information has the power to transform people’s perception of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, providing a clearer picture of Jewish heroism and character. After learning about the partisans, non-Jewish teens acquire a greater understanding about the Jewish people, leading to interfaith dialog and tolerance, while many Jewish teenagers often feel empowered, developing a stronger sense of Jewish identity and pride. The story of the Jewish partisans is empowering, and demonstrates how young people can make a positive difference in the world.

Why Should We Learn About the Jewish Partisans?

Most students falsely believe that Jews went “like sheep to the slaughter”. They perceive the Holocaust as a piece of Jewish history only about victimization and the loss of hope. The experience of thousands of Jewish partisans who stood up to tyranny and oppression, fought courageously—and often successfully—against the Germans, and saved countless lives is an important part of Jewish history that few students are aware of. This information has the power to transform people’s perception of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, providing a clearer picture of Jewish heroism and character. After learning about the partisans, non-Jewish teens acquire a greater understanding about the Jewish people, leading to interfaith dialog and tolerance, while many Jewish teenagers often feel empowered, developing a stronger sense of Jewish identity and pride. The story of the Jewish partisans is empowering, and demonstrates how young people can make a positive difference in the world.

Jewish every dayIncorporate Jewish Valuesmore

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Acess complementary video resources: eLearning through Videos with Jewish Partisans

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Lesson Contributors

Jewish Partisans Educational Foundation: The mission of JPEF is to develop and distribute effective educational materials about the Jewish partisans and their life lessons, bringing the celebration of heroic resistance against tyranny into educational and cultural organizations 

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